TECHNOLOGY SUPPLY

E-waste Management In India. You are welcome to change your personal computer, cell phone, refrigerator, or for that matter any electronic or electrical gadget, but be careful while disposing of the old one. Throwing it into the dustbin is not the proper disposal of an electronic equipment which has attained obsolescence as per your judgement.  It may end up adding to e-waste, which creates problems for the ecology in general and directly or indirectly for the living beings around there through air, water and soil pollution. The aim of this article is to spread awareness among our readers about the various issues involved in generation and management of e-waste, particularly from Indian perspective. What is e-waste? Electronic waste (e-waste) comprises waste electronics/electrical goods that are not fit for their originally intended use or have reached their end of life. This may include items such as computers, servers, mainframes, monitors, CDs, printers, scanners, copiers, calculato

Microwave Tubes Making a Comeback. Scientists are looking back at the microwave tubes for high-power and high-frequency applications because only these can handle a power of up to 300 megawatts at a frequency of 1 Ghz. A high-power microwave system consisting of a high-power microwave tube, high-voltage measurement chamber and power conditioning unit In 1904, J.A. Fleming introduced the vacuum tube diode. After the second world war, electron tubes were used to develop the first generation of computers but these computers were impractical due to the  large sizes of the electronic components. In 1947, John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley demonstrated the amplifying action of the firsttransistor at Bell Telephone Laboratories. They received a Nobel Prize for it.  Bipolar transistors and digital integrated circuits (ICs) were made fist. Analogue ICs, large-scale integration (LSI) and very-large-scale integration (VLSI) followed by the mid-1970s. A VLSI design consists of thou

Solar Power FAQ's (Frequently Asked Questions) 1.   Solar panels cost   - 650 kwhr / 30 days = 22 units per day. If you want to generate one unit, you need 200 watt solar panel To generate 22 units you need 22 x 200 = 4400 watts panels taking in to inefficiencies of the total system we need 5000 watt of panels Cost of the panel is Rs 60 per watt 5000 x 60 = Rs. 3,00,000. 2.   Battery   - To store this in to the battery (assuming that all the eneregy generated by the solar panel will be required to store in the batteries for using it in night time) you will need batteries that can store 25 Kwh of electrical energy. Th cost of the Tubular Battery battery will be Rs. 10,000 per kwh Total cost of the lead acid batteries will be - Rs. 10,000 per kwh  x 25 kwhr = Rs. 2,50,000. Now it is not possible to charge these batteries within 5 to 6 hrs when sun is shining. You need 4 times the normal capacity. So the total cost of the batteries will be - Rs. 2,50,000 x 4 = Rs. 10,00,000. 3.   Char

Designing A Cost-Effective and Versatile Home Area Network Device The device proposed here integrates seamlessly with a home area network and keeps a tab on the energy consumption and operation of electrical equipment while acting as a low-cost energy meter. The sky-rocketing cost of energy production has necessitated a more efficientenergy consumption process. This has brought revolution in electrical equipment manufacturing and energy metering infrastructure. Home area network (HAN) is an advanced electrical ecosystem in which a smart utility meter and HAN devices communicate with each other to control the energy consumption profile. Armed with the latest technological advancements in the fieldof energy utilisation, HANs are ready to supplant the traditional electrical ecosystems at home. Fig. 1: Application diagram of HAN device A basic HAN device has a two-way communication link with a utility meter and optionally with other devices in a HAN ecosystem, sharing energy consumption da